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Legal and Economic Aspects of Cartel Agreements in the Czech Republic
Matějka, Martin ; Hrabincová, Dagmar (referee) ; Blažek, Jiří (advisor)
The thesis is dealing with Impact of Cartel agreement on individual subjects of Competition within the Scope of wider macroeconomic context. On the basis of predicted behavior at microeconomic level are outlined possible macroeconomic Impacts. Current practice in protecting Competition in the Czech Republic is delimited in the perspective of possible philosophy-political approaches emphasizing the legal framework. Competition protection is generally aimed at consumer welfare, which can be considered to be the primal target. Fundamental terms are defined on the basis of factual usage with the focus on the problematical questions in practice. In the practical part is briefly introduced proceedings course including possible remedies.
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Ekonomické aspekty fungování kartelů v hospodářství
Řezníčková, Nikola
Řezníčková, N. Economic aspects of the functioning of the cartels in the economy. Diploma thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2023. This diploma thesis deals with the economic aspects of the functioning of cartels in the economy. The aim of the work is to explain the causes and motivations of the emergence of cartels and to identify the consequences of closed cartels on the market mechanism. Furthermore, on the basis of specific cases handled by the Office for the Protection of Economic Competition, evaluate the possibilities of economic policy approaches as well as the effects of antimonopoly regulation.
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Ekonomické aspekty vertikálních kartelů
Hajduch, Tomáš
Hajduch, T. Economic aspects of vertical cartels. Diploma thesis. Brno: Mendel University, 2021. This diploma thesis deals with economic aspects of vertical cartels, their affection of market and competition. The aim of this thesis is to define a vertical cartel, identify its specifics and evaluate the effectiveness of the antitrust policy of the Office based on issued decisions of the Office for the Protection of Competition to. The thesis discusses the law regulation of the cartel, its economic features and motivation to its establishment a vertical cartel. It is also proposed under what conditions the cartels could cooperate with the Office.
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Bid rigging in public procurement
Kohútová, Zuzana ; Horáček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Eichlerová, Kateřina (referee)
The thesis provides for a comprehensive legal overview of bid rigging and its manifestation in public procurement. Bid rigging is defined as coordination of competitors in tenders which is not necessary and which is executed when these competitors submit bids according to the conditions agreed among them. The thesis briefly sums up available information on occurrence of bid rigging with emphasis on the only two cases of bid rigging that have been identified, proved and sanctioned in the Czech Republic. This information suggests that despite the fact that the risk of bid rigging is higher at certain markets, notably markets with limited number of competitors present thereon, it may take place in any market. Bid rigging is further analysed as a prohibited agreement distorting competition which always distorts or prevents competitions and as such is considered one of the most serious anti- competitive practices capable of causing immense economic damage. A separate chapter tackles bid rigging in public procurement. This chapter analyses legal basis of prohibition of bid rigging in public procurement, its impact on principles of efficiency, effectiveness and expediency, and points out factors that may support occurrence of bid rigging. With regards to this analysis, the thesis formulates several...
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Optimization of oil production by OPEC countries
Pilátová, Markéta ; Červinka, Michal (advisor) ; Rečka, Lukáš (referee)
Almost 4 years of low oil prices and excess supply call the relevance of OPEC for current oil market into question. Therefore to investigate its role, this thesis examines the optimum oil production of individual OPEC countries accenting the consequent profit. Firstly, Cournot's model is employed to find equilibrium price and output on the oligopolistic market. Secondly, model considering OPEC and Russia as the Stackelberg leader with competitors forming oligopolistic fringe helps to uncover the potential of the recent car- tel of OPEC and Russia. In both models, data from the year 2016 with different levels of elasticity ranging from -0.1 to -0.2 are utilized. Our re- search suggests that all OPEC members could have increased their profits by forming a non-cooperative oligopolistic market, where prices would reach up to 81.7 USD/bbl. Moreover, as a part of the cartel with Russia, OPEC could increase its joint profits by almost 27 % compared to the oligopolistic market, benefiting from coordinated output cuts followed by a steep growth in price. Thus we can conclude that either OPEC lost its power over the oil market or attempted to maintain its market share and drive higher-cost producers out of the market.
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Narcoterrorism: Searching for the crossroads of drug trade and political violence
Kolínský, Prokop ; Makariusová, Radana (advisor) ; Záhora, Jakub (referee)
The main objective of thesis ''Narcoterrorism: Crossroads between drug trade and political violence'' is to describe and analyze the phenomenon of narcoterrorism, a concept that combines in its core the politically-motivated violence, the illicit drug trade, and the use of terrorist methods. The goal will be to establish a comprehensive theoretical framework for the various types of narcoterrorism and the different supportive types that may occur between the politically-motivated or ideological groups, and the drug-trafficking criminal groups. This framework will be later primarily tested on the case of Colombia, where various warring ideological and criminal groups will be observed and analyzed. Other cases that will be secondarily used to further prove the established assumptions, will be focusing on other countries which seen in recent history a surge of political or criminal violence, and are either manufacturing or trafficking illegal drugs. These will include Peru, Mexico, and Afghanistan. In the final section of the thesis, the theoretical framework will be assigned to real historical cases, and a question of the prerequisites of narcoterrorist emergence will be discussed.
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Optimization of oil production by OPEC countries
Pilátová, Markéta ; Červinka, Michal (advisor) ; Rečka, Lukáš (referee)
Almost 4 years of low oil prices and excess supply call the relevance of OPEC for current oil market into question. Therefore to investigate its role, this thesis examines the optimum oil production of individual OPEC countries accenting the consequent profit. Firstly, Cournot's model is employed to find equilibrium price and output on the oligopolistic market. Secondly, model considering OPEC and Russia as the Stackelberg leader with competitors forming oligopolistic fringe helps to uncover the potential of the recent car- tel of OPEC and Russia. In both models, data from the year 2016 with different levels of elasticity ranging from -0.1 to -0.2 are utilized. Our re- search suggests that all OPEC members could have increased their profits by forming a non-cooperative oligopolistic market, where prices would reach up to 81.7 USD/bbl. Moreover, as a part of the cartel with Russia, OPEC could increase its joint profits by almost 27 % compared to the oligopolistic market, benefiting from coordinated output cuts followed by a steep growth in price. Thus we can conclude that either OPEC lost its power over the oil market or attempted to maintain its market share and drive higher-cost producers out of the market.
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Nymburk sugar factory under the management of Hanuš Karlík
Fexová, Lucie ; Beneš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Čechura, Jaroslav (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to restore awareness of the Czech sugar industry tradition. For this intention I chose Nymburk sugar factory in an era, when one of the most important personas of Czech sugar industry Hanuš Karlík was its director. The thesis consists of a brief introduction to the history of Czech sugar industry, where the establishment of Nymburk sugar factory is set, followed by a description of the period when Hanuš Karlík was the director and how his administration influenced both Nymburk sugar factory and sugar industry in general. In the conclusion, there is a view on the sugar factory after Karlík left and the fate of the sugar factory that led to an infamous end. The work is primarly based on local archival sources, memoirs and newspappers. Several books about the history of Nymburk and about common history of sugar industry are used to set the topic in a wider historical context.
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Leniency Program in Czech, European and World Competition Law
Metelka, Jan ; Horáček, Vít (advisor) ; Horáček, Tomáš (referee)
This thesis aims to describe the evolution of the leniency program as the key tool to uncover national and International cartels. It begins with a general overview of competition law and the area of cartel Cooperation and focuses on leniency program. This program is for the sake of completeness described not just from the legal point of view but also using theory of games and prisoner's dilemma because both these phenomenon are surprisingly similar to the leniency program. For the first time there is the issue of a deterrence gap, being some kind of indicator of incentives for the cartel members to betray such cartel and uncover its existence to the authorities. Cartels are also described using tables so it is clear how much (uncovered) cartels are there each year, what is the average amount of imposed fines and how many percent of turnover of such companies usually makes the fine. Leniency programs of various states are described in detail, focusing on differences in their complexity and efficiency and some of them are described back to the past, with the Description of the evolution of such leniency program, making it more useful. Special Attention is paid to the Leniency program of the Czech Republic, but also other European jurisdictions are being described because although these states are also EU...
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Leniency Program in the Anti-competitive Agreements in the EU Competition Law
Černochová, Veronika ; Boháček, Martin (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
The anti-competitive agreements are collusions concerning certain cooperation among undertakings. However, despite European Commission´s long-standing efforts, the prohibited ones are nowadays still present on markets in a large extent as well. This thesis characterizes both vertical and horizontal agreements, including their positive and negative effects. Since the negative impacts usually prevail in the horizontal (cartel) agreements, the related legislation under the terms of EU competition law is described including the conditions, under which these agreements can be approved (particularly the article 101 (3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union, block exemptions and de minimis notice). In order to get access to the otherwise unobtainable evidence about their existence, the leniency program exists since 1996. Its European adaptation is compared to the version adopted in the Czech Republic and in the USA. The legal and economic effectiveness of this tool is analysed. Settlement procedure and prioritization are characterized as well, since they allow both the undertakings and the competition authorities to reduce their costs connected with the proceeding.
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